Dialysis

Definition: Dialysis is a life-saving procedure that replicates kidney functions by filtering and removing waste, toxins, and excess fluids from the blood when the kidneys fail to perform these functions.

Types of Dialysis:

1. Hemodialysis: Blood is drawn out of the body, filtered through a dialysis machine, and returned to the body.

2. Peritoneal Dialysis: A dialysis solution is introduced into the abdominal cavity, where the peritoneal membrane acts as a natural filter.

Causes for Dialysis:

• End-stage renal disease (ESRD).

• Severe electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia.

• Fluid overload unresponsive to diuretics.

• Acute poisoning in some cases.

Symptoms Indicating the Need for Dialysis:

• Severe nausea, vomiting, or fatigue.

• Fluid retention leading to swelling or difficulty breathing.

• High blood pressure unmanageable with medications.

• Severe metabolic acidosis.

Diagnosing:

• Elevated serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels.

• Electrolyte imbalances such as hyperkalemia.

• Decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

Treatment:

• Dialysis schedules depend on individual needs:

  • Hemodialysis: Typically 3 sessions per week, each lasting 3-4 hours.

  • Peritoneal Dialysis: Can be performed daily, either manually or using a machine.

• Monitoring of blood pressure, fluid balance, and weight.

Prevention Tips:

• Proper management of underlying conditions like diabetes and hypertension.

• Regular kidney function monitoring in at-risk individuals.

• Avoid exposure to nephrotoxic substances.

Conclusion: Dialysis significantly improves the quality of life for individuals with kidney failure, bridging the gap until kidney transplantation or providing long-term care.