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We take a holistic approach to care, emphasizing preventive measures, early detection, and personalized treatment plans.
Definition
Gynecologic oncology is the branch of medicine that focuses on diagnosing and treating cancers of the female reproductive system, including ovarian, uterine, cervical, vulvar, and vaginal cancers.
Causes
- Genetic mutations (e.g., BRCA1/BRCA2 in ovarian cancer)
- Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection (linked to cervical cancer)
- Hormonal imbalances
- Smoking and alcohol use
- Obesity and high-fat diets
- Family history of gynecologic cancers
Symptoms
- Unusual vaginal bleeding or discharge
- Persistent pelvic pain or pressure
- Abdominal bloating or swelling
- Pain during intercourse
- Changes in bowel or bladder habits
- Unexplained weight loss
Diagnosing
- Pelvic examination
- Pap smear and HPV testing
- Imaging (Ultrasound, MRI, or CT scans)
- Blood tests (e.g., CA-125 for ovarian cancer)
- Biopsy for definitive diagnosis
Treatment
- Surgery (e.g., hysterectomy, removal of ovaries or fallopian tubes)
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation therapy
- Targeted therapies or immunotherapy
- Fertility-sparing options when possible
Prevention Tips
- Regular gynecologic check-ups and Pap smears
- HPV vaccination
- Maintaining a healthy weight
- Quitting smoking
- Genetic counseling if there’s a family history of cancer
Conclusion
Early detection through regular screening and awareness of symptoms can significantly improve the prognosis of gynecologic cancers.