UTI And Pyelonephritis

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) and Pyelonephritis

Definition:

• UTI: Infection of any part of the urinary system, including the bladder, urethra, or kidneys.

• Pyelonephritis: A severe and potentially life-threatening kidney infection, often resulting from an untreated UTI.

Causes:

• Bacterial infections, primarily caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli).

• Poor hygiene, urinary stasis, or structural abnormalities.

• Catheter use or recent urinary tract procedures.

Symptoms:

• UTI:

  • Burning sensation during urination.

  • Frequent urge to urinate with little output.

  • Cloudy or foul-smelling urine.

• Pyelonephritis:

  • High fever, chills, and flank pain.

  • Nausea, vomiting, and fatigue.

  • Pus or blood in urine (severe cases).

Diagnosing:

• Urinalysis to detect bacteria, blood, or white blood cells in urine.

• Urine culture to identify the causative organism.

• Imaging studies (ultrasound or CT) for complicated cases.

Treatment:

• Antibiotics tailored to the specific infection.

• Hospitalization for intravenous antibiotics in severe pyelonephritis.

• Pain management and increased fluid intake.

Prevention Tips:

• Maintain good personal hygiene and stay hydrated.

• Empty the bladder regularly and completely.

• Wipe from front to back after urination or defecation.

Conclusion: Prompt recognition and treatment of UTIs can prevent progression to serious complications such as pyelonephritis.